Functions
void	arm_conv_f32 (const float32_t pSrcA, uint32_t srcALen, const float32_t pSrcB, uint32_t srcBLen, float32_t *pDst)
	Convolution of floating-point sequences.

void	arm_conv_fast_opt_q15 (const q15_t pSrcA, uint32_t srcALen, const q15_t pSrcB, uint32_t srcBLen, q15_t pDst, q15_t pScratch1, q15_t *pScratch2)
	Convolution of Q15 sequences (fast version).

void	arm_conv_fast_q15 (const q15_t pSrcA, uint32_t srcALen, const q15_t pSrcB, uint32_t srcBLen, q15_t *pDst)
	Convolution of Q15 sequences (fast version).

void	arm_conv_fast_q31 (const q31_t pSrcA, uint32_t srcALen, const q31_t pSrcB, uint32_t srcBLen, q31_t *pDst)
	Convolution of Q31 sequences (fast version).

void	arm_conv_opt_q15 (const q15_t pSrcA, uint32_t srcALen, const q15_t pSrcB, uint32_t srcBLen, q15_t pDst, q15_t pScratch1, q15_t *pScratch2)
	Convolution of Q15 sequences.

void	arm_conv_opt_q7 (const q7_t pSrcA, uint32_t srcALen, const q7_t pSrcB, uint32_t srcBLen, q7_t pDst, q15_t pScratch1, q15_t *pScratch2)
	Convolution of Q7 sequences.

void	arm_conv_q15 (const q15_t pSrcA, uint32_t srcALen, const q15_t pSrcB, uint32_t srcBLen, q15_t *pDst)
	Convolution of Q15 sequences.

void	arm_conv_q31 (const q31_t pSrcA, uint32_t srcALen, const q31_t pSrcB, uint32_t srcBLen, q31_t *pDst)
	Convolution of Q31 sequences.

void	arm_conv_q7 (const q7_t pSrcA, uint32_t srcALen, const q7_t pSrcB, uint32_t srcBLen, q7_t *pDst)
	Convolution of Q7 sequences.

Description

Convolution is a mathematical operation that operates on two finite length vectors to generate a finite length output vector. Convolution is similar to correlation and is frequently used in filtering and data analysis. The CMSIS DSP library contains functions for convolving Q7, Q15, Q31, and floating-point data types. The library also provides fast versions of the Q15 and Q31 functions.

Algorithm: Let a[n] and b[n] be sequences of length srcALen and srcBLen samples respectively. Then the convolution
\[ c[n] = a[n] * b[n] \]

: is defined as
\[ c[n] = \sum_{k=0}^{srcALen} a[k] b[n-k] \]

: Note that c[n] is of length srcALen + srcBLen - 1 and is defined over the interval n=0, 1, 2, ..., srcALen + srcBLen - 2. pSrcA points to the first input vector of length srcALen and pSrcB points to the second input vector of length srcBLen. The output result is written to pDst and the calling function must allocate srcALen+srcBLen-1 words for the result.

: Conceptually, when two signals a[n] and b[n] are convolved, the signal b[n] slides over a[n]. For each offset n, the overlapping portions of a[n] and b[n] are multiplied and summed together.

: Note that convolution is a commutative operation:
\[ a[n] * b[n] = b[n] * a[n]. \]

: This means that switching the A and B arguments to the convolution functions has no effect.

Fixed-Point Behavior: Convolution requires summing up a large number of intermediate products. As such, the Q7, Q15, and Q31 functions run a risk of overflow and saturation. Refer to the function specific documentation below for further details of the particular algorithm used.

Fast Versions: Fast versions are supported for Q31 and Q15. Cycles for Fast versions are less compared to Q31 and Q15 of conv and the design requires the input signals should be scaled down to avoid intermediate overflows.

Opt Versions: Opt versions are supported for Q15 and Q7. Design uses internal scratch buffer for getting good optimisation. These versions are optimised in cycles and consumes more memory (Scratch memory) compared to Q15 and Q7 versions

Long versions:: For convolution of long vectors, those functions are no more adapted and will be very slow. An implementation based upon FFTs should be used.

Function Documentation

◆ arm_conv_f32()

void arm_conv_f32	(	const float32_t *	pSrcA,
		uint32_t	srcALen,
		const float32_t *	pSrcB,
		uint32_t	srcBLen,
		float32_t *	pDst
	)

Convolution of floating-point sequences.

Parameters

[in]	pSrcA	points to the first input sequence
[in]	srcALen	length of the first input sequence
[in]	pSrcB	points to the second input sequence
[in]	srcBLen	length of the second input sequence
[out]	pDst	points to the location where the output result is written. Length srcALen+srcBLen-1.

◆ arm_conv_fast_opt_q15()

void arm_conv_fast_opt_q15	(	const q15_t *	pSrcA,
		uint32_t	srcALen,
		const q15_t *	pSrcB,
		uint32_t	srcBLen,
		q15_t *	pDst,
		q15_t *	pScratch1,
		q15_t *	pScratch2
	)

Convolution of Q15 sequences (fast version).

Convolution of Q15 sequences (fast version) for Cortex-M3 and Cortex-M4.

Parameters

[in]	pSrcA	points to the first input sequence
[in]	srcALen	length of the first input sequence
[in]	pSrcB	points to the second input sequence
[in]	srcBLen	length of the second input sequence
[out]	pDst	points to the location where the output result is written. Length srcALen+srcBLen-1
[in]	pScratch1	points to scratch buffer of size max(srcALen, srcBLen) + 2*min(srcALen, srcBLen) - 2
[in]	pScratch2	points to scratch buffer of size min(srcALen, srcBLen

Scaling and Overflow Behavior: This fast version uses a 32-bit accumulator with 2.30 format. The accumulator maintains full precision of the intermediate multiplication results but provides only a single guard bit. There is no saturation on intermediate additions. Thus, if the accumulator overflows it wraps around and distorts the result. The input signals should be scaled down to avoid intermediate overflows. Scale down the inputs by log2(min(srcALen, srcBLen)) (log2 is read as log to the base 2) times to avoid overflows, as maximum of min(srcALen, srcBLen) number of additions are carried internally. The 2.30 accumulator is right shifted by 15 bits and then saturated to 1.15 format to yield the final result.

Remarks: Refer to arm_conv_q15() for a slower implementation of this function which uses 64-bit accumulation to avoid wrap around distortion.

◆ arm_conv_fast_q15()

void arm_conv_fast_q15	(	const q15_t *	pSrcA,
		uint32_t	srcALen,
		const q15_t *	pSrcB,
		uint32_t	srcBLen,
		q15_t *	pDst
	)

Convolution of Q15 sequences (fast version).

Convolution of Q15 sequences (fast version) for Cortex-M3 and Cortex-M4.

Parameters

[in]	pSrcA	points to the first input sequence
[in]	srcALen	length of the first input sequence
[in]	pSrcB	points to the second input sequence
[in]	srcBLen	length of the second input sequence
[out]	pDst	points to the location where the output result is written. Length srcALen+srcBLen-1

Scaling and Overflow Behavior: This fast version uses a 32-bit accumulator with 2.30 format. The accumulator maintains full precision of the intermediate multiplication results but provides only a single guard bit. There is no saturation on intermediate additions. Thus, if the accumulator overflows it wraps around and distorts the result. The input signals should be scaled down to avoid intermediate overflows. Scale down the inputs by log2(min(srcALen, srcBLen)) (log2 is read as log to the base 2) times to avoid overflows, as maximum of min(srcALen, srcBLen) number of additions are carried internally. The 2.30 accumulator is right shifted by 15 bits and then saturated to 1.15 format to yield the final result.

Remarks: Refer to arm_conv_q15() for a slower implementation of this function which uses 64-bit accumulation to avoid wrap around distortion.

◆ arm_conv_fast_q31()

void arm_conv_fast_q31	(	const q31_t *	pSrcA,
		uint32_t	srcALen,
		const q31_t *	pSrcB,
		uint32_t	srcBLen,
		q31_t *	pDst
	)

Convolution of Q31 sequences (fast version).

Convolution of Q31 sequences (fast version) for Cortex-M3 and Cortex-M4.

Parameters

[in]	pSrcA	points to the first input sequence.
[in]	srcALen	length of the first input sequence.
[in]	pSrcB	points to the second input sequence.
[in]	srcBLen	length of the second input sequence.
[out]	pDst	points to the location where the output result is written. Length srcALen+srcBLen-1.

Scaling and Overflow Behavior: This function is optimized for speed at the expense of fixed-point precision and overflow protection. The result of each 1.31 x 1.31 multiplication is truncated to 2.30 format. These intermediate results are accumulated in a 32-bit register in 2.30 format. Finally, the accumulator is saturated and converted to a 1.31 result.

: The fast version has the same overflow behavior as the standard version but provides less precision since it discards the low 32 bits of each multiplication result. In order to avoid overflows completely the input signals must be scaled down. Scale down the inputs by log2(min(srcALen, srcBLen)) (log2 is read as log to the base 2) times to avoid overflows, as maximum of min(srcALen, srcBLen) number of additions are carried internally.

Remarks: Refer to arm_conv_q31() for a slower implementation of this function which uses 64-bit accumulation to provide higher precision.

◆ arm_conv_opt_q15()

void arm_conv_opt_q15	(	const q15_t *	pSrcA,
		uint32_t	srcALen,
		const q15_t *	pSrcB,
		uint32_t	srcBLen,
		q15_t *	pDst,
		q15_t *	pScratch1,
		q15_t *	pScratch2
	)

Convolution of Q15 sequences.

Parameters

[in]	pSrcA	points to the first input sequence
[in]	srcALen	length of the first input sequence
[in]	pSrcB	points to the second input sequence
[in]	srcBLen	length of the second input sequence
[out]	pDst	points to the location where the output result is written. Length srcALen+srcBLen-1.
[in]	pScratch1	points to scratch buffer of size max(srcALen, srcBLen) + 2*min(srcALen, srcBLen) - 2.
[in]	pScratch2	points to scratch buffer of size min(srcALen, srcBLen).

Scaling and Overflow Behavior: The function is implemented using a 64-bit internal accumulator. Both inputs are in 1.15 format and multiplications yield a 2.30 result. The 2.30 intermediate results are accumulated in a 64-bit accumulator in 34.30 format. This approach provides 33 guard bits and there is no risk of overflow. The 34.30 result is then truncated to 34.15 format by discarding the low 15 bits and then saturated to 1.15 format.

Remarks: Refer to arm_conv_fast_q15() for a faster but less precise version of this function.

◆ arm_conv_opt_q7()

void arm_conv_opt_q7	(	const q7_t *	pSrcA,
		uint32_t	srcALen,
		const q7_t *	pSrcB,
		uint32_t	srcBLen,
		q7_t *	pDst,
		q15_t *	pScratch1,
		q15_t *	pScratch2
	)

Convolution of Q7 sequences.

Parameters

[in]	pSrcA	points to the first input sequence
[in]	srcALen	length of the first input sequence
[in]	pSrcB	points to the second input sequence
[in]	srcBLen	length of the second input sequence
[out]	pDst	points to the location where the output result is written. Length srcALen+srcBLen-1.
[in]	pScratch1	points to scratch buffer(of type q15_t) of size max(srcALen, srcBLen) + 2*min(srcALen, srcBLen) - 2.
[in]	pScratch2	points to scratch buffer (of type q15_t) of size min(srcALen, srcBLen).

Scaling and Overflow Behavior: The function is implemented using a 32-bit internal accumulator. Both the inputs are represented in 1.7 format and multiplications yield a 2.14 result. The 2.14 intermediate results are accumulated in a 32-bit accumulator in 18.14 format. This approach provides 17 guard bits and there is no risk of overflow as long as max(srcALen, srcBLen)<131072. The 18.14 result is then truncated to 18.7 format by discarding the low 7 bits and then saturated to 1.7 format.

◆ arm_conv_q15()

void arm_conv_q15	(	const q15_t *	pSrcA,
		uint32_t	srcALen,
		const q15_t *	pSrcB,
		uint32_t	srcBLen,
		q15_t *	pDst
	)

Convolution of Q15 sequences.

Parameters

[in]	pSrcA	points to the first input sequence
[in]	srcALen	length of the first input sequence
[in]	pSrcB	points to the second input sequence
[in]	srcBLen	length of the second input sequence
[out]	pDst	points to the location where the output result is written. Length srcALen+srcBLen-1.

Scaling and Overflow Behavior: The function is implemented using a 64-bit internal accumulator. Both inputs are in 1.15 format and multiplications yield a 2.30 result. The 2.30 intermediate results are accumulated in a 64-bit accumulator in 34.30 format. This approach provides 33 guard bits and there is no risk of overflow. The 34.30 result is then truncated to 34.15 format by discarding the low 15 bits and then saturated to 1.15 format.

Remarks: Refer to arm_conv_fast_q15() for a faster but less precise version of this function.; Refer to arm_conv_opt_q15() for a faster implementation of this function using scratch buffers.

◆ arm_conv_q31()

void arm_conv_q31	(	const q31_t *	pSrcA,
		uint32_t	srcALen,
		const q31_t *	pSrcB,
		uint32_t	srcBLen,
		q31_t *	pDst
	)

Convolution of Q31 sequences.

Parameters

[in]	pSrcA	points to the first input sequence
[in]	srcALen	length of the first input sequence
[in]	pSrcB	points to the second input sequence
[in]	srcBLen	length of the second input sequence
[out]	pDst	points to the location where the output result is written. Length srcALen+srcBLen-1.

Scaling and Overflow Behavior: The function is implemented using an internal 64-bit accumulator. The accumulator has a 2.62 format and maintains full precision of the intermediate multiplication results but provides only a single guard bit. There is no saturation on intermediate additions. Thus, if the accumulator overflows it wraps around and distorts the result. The input signals should be scaled down to avoid intermediate overflows. Scale down the inputs by log2(min(srcALen, srcBLen)) (log2 is read as log to the base 2) times to avoid overflows, as maximum of min(srcALen, srcBLen) number of additions are carried internally. The 2.62 accumulator is right shifted by 31 bits and saturated to 1.31 format to yield the final result.

Remarks: Refer to arm_conv_fast_q31() for a faster but less precise implementation of this function.

◆ arm_conv_q7()

void arm_conv_q7	(	const q7_t *	pSrcA,
		uint32_t	srcALen,
		const q7_t *	pSrcB,
		uint32_t	srcBLen,
		q7_t *	pDst
	)

Convolution of Q7 sequences.

Parameters

[in]	pSrcA	points to the first input sequence
[in]	srcALen	length of the first input sequence
[in]	pSrcB	points to the second input sequence
[in]	srcBLen	length of the second input sequence
[out]	pDst	points to the location where the output result is written. Length srcALen+srcBLen-1.

Scaling and Overflow Behavior: The function is implemented using a 32-bit internal accumulator. Both the inputs are represented in 1.7 format and multiplications yield a 2.14 result. The 2.14 intermediate results are accumulated in a 32-bit accumulator in 18.14 format. This approach provides 17 guard bits and there is no risk of overflow as long as max(srcALen, srcBLen)<131072. The 18.14 result is then truncated to 18.7 format by discarding the low 7 bits and then saturated to 1.7 format.

Remarks: Refer to arm_conv_opt_q7() for a faster implementation of this function.

Functions

Description

Function Documentation

◆ arm_conv_f32()

◆ arm_conv_fast_opt_q15()

◆ arm_conv_fast_q15()

◆ arm_conv_fast_q31()

◆ arm_conv_opt_q15()

◆ arm_conv_opt_q7()

◆ arm_conv_q15()

◆ arm_conv_q31()

◆ arm_conv_q7()